Spring
1. Inversion of Control /Dependency Injection : As a developer you configure the dependencies and container takes care of instantiating and injecting those at runtime. So container is doing your work. By doing so, you are avoiding lots of boilerplate code. In IoC paradigm, rather than your custom code calling the framework code ( libraries ) , the framework is calling your custom code ( dependencies ). org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext represents the Spring IOC container. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext or FileSystemXmlApplicationContext are implementations of this interface. 2. To generate starter code for any Spring project you can use following site https://start.spring.io/ 3. Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.AnnotationException: No identifier specified for entity This happens for a couple of reasons. 1. Missing @Id annotation for an Entity. 2. Wrong imported class for Id. For example having import org.spri